Expression of CD 44 and MIB-1 in serous and mucinous ovarian tumors

In ovarian cancer, alterations in the extracellular environment are critical for tumor Initiation, progression and intra-peritoneal dissemination. Some markers have been used to study the progression of ovarian tumors, one of them is CD44 which shown to play critical roles in ovarian ameer metastasis. Tumor proliferation is known to be important factor in tumor growth. This can be measured by assessment of expression of MIB-1 protein in the tumor cells. To examine the immunohistochemical expression of CD44 and MIB-1 in a spectrum of serous and mucinous ovarian tumors [benign, borderline and malignant tumors] and to evaluate the correlation between intensity of markers expression with relevant clinicopathological criteria [Age, size, hilaterality, gross picture and stage]. Immunohistochemical staining of 120 samples [65 benign, 10 borderline, 30 malignant and 15 metastatic deposits] of spectrum of serous and mucinous ovarian tumors for CD44 and MIB-1 was performed using tissue microarray [TMA] and statistical analyses was done with SPSS [chi-square test]. In whole tumors, expression of [1] 44 in tumor cells [CD-44-T] was low in 20[80%] and high in 5[20%] of benign tumors, low in [70%] and high in 3[30%] of borderline tumors, and low in 24 [83%] and high in 5[17%] of malignant tumors with no significant association in transition from benign to malignant tumours [P 0.70]. Stromal CD44 [CD-44-S] expression was low in 33[94%] and high in 2[6%] of benign mmors, low in 8[80%] and high in 2[20%] of borderline tumors and low in 23[77%] and high in [23%] of malignant tumors with significant association in transition from benign to borderline to 14[CD44-M] showed reactivity in 9[25%] of benign tumors,5[50%] of borderline tumors and 21[72%] of malignant tumors with high significant association in transition from benign to malignant tumors [P<0.001]. In whole tumors, twenty three specimens [31%] showed high PI. All benign tumors had low PI. High significant association was detected between high PI and transition from benign to borderline to malignant tumors [P<0.001] with significant positive correlation between MIB-1 and CD44-M [P 0.013]. Our findings indicates that stromal and membranous expression of with transition from benign to borderline to malignant tumor, so increase in CD44 may play an important role in tumor progression and can be a target of more effective therapies

Neodymium: yag laser coagulation of the prostate in surgical risk patients

Transurethral Neodymium:YAG laser coagulation of the prostate gland was used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia in 36 surgical risk patients, who had either significant lower urinary tract symptoms or urinary retention. The mean International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] decreased from 26.8 to 9.6, then increased to 14.2. The mean maximum flow rate [Qmax] increased from 8.3 to 15.1 ml/s and then decreased to 10.6 ml/s. The average residual urine volume [PVR] decreased from 139.3 to 65 ml, then increased to 87.5 ml at 12th and 60th months, respectively. Catheters were removed after seven days. Seven out of the 36 patients required re-catheterization within the first visit. Repeated interference was needed in 12 of the 36 patients. From the results obtained it was concluded that, aggressive Nd:YAG laser prostatectomy is safe and effective for high surgical risk patients with obstructive prostates and produces good results that are sustained for up to two years. On the contrary, the durability of this procedure is significantly decreased after three years with high incidence of re-treatment rate